Dr. Overy's KBase: Resources for Teaching and Learning
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Glossary

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  • Precision
    Precise measurements are ones in which there is very little spread about the mean value. Precision depends only on the extent of random errors – it gives no indication of how close results are to the true value.
  • Prediction
    A prediction is a statement suggesting what will happen in the future, based on observation, experience or a hypothesis
  • Principle of Superposition
    The Principle Of Superposition states that when two waves of the same kind meet at a point in space, the resultant displacement at that point is the vector sum of the displacements that the two waves would separately produce at that point.
  • Probability
    Probability is the likelihood of an event occurring. It differs from chance in that it can be expressed mathematically. In statistical tests, probabilities are usually expressed as a decimal fraction of one. Thus a probability of 0.01 means that an event is likely to occur 1 time in every 100.
  • Progesterone
    A steroid hormone released by the corpus luteum of the ovary that stimulates the uterus to prepare for pregnancy.
  • Programme of study
     UK:  The prescribed syllabus that pupils must be taught ateach key stage in the National Curriculum
  • Quiz
    questioning or a short test
  • Random Error
    These cause readings to be spread about the true value, due to results varying in an unpredictable way from one measurement to the next.  Random errors are present when any measurement is made, and cannot be corrected. The effect of random errors can be reduced by making more measurements and calculating a new mean.
  • Range
    The maximum and minimum values of the independent or dependent variables. For example a range of forces may be quoted as either: "From 0 N to 20 N" or "From 20 N to 0 N"
  • Receptors
    Organs or cells able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimuli and transmit signals to sensory nerves.
  • Repeatable
    A measurement is repeatable if the original experimenter repeats the investigation using same method and equipment and obtains the same results
  • Reproducible
    A measurement is reproducible if the investigation is repeated by another person, or by using different equipment or techniques, and the same results are obtained.
  • Resolution
    This is the smallest change in the quantity being measured (input) of a measuring instrument that gives a perceptible change in the reading
  • Risk Assessment
    A process which estimates the likelihood that exposed people may have health effects. The four steps of a risk assessment are: hazard identification (Can this substance damage health?); dose-response assessment (What dose causes what effect?); exposure assessment (How and how much do people contact it?); and risk characterization (combining the other three steps to characterize risk and describe the limitations and uncertainties).
  • Risk Management
    The process of deciding how and to what extent to reduce or eliminate risk factors by considering the risk assessment, engineering factors (Can procedures or equipment do the job, for how long and how well?), social, economic and political concerns.
  • Rubella
    A highly contagious viral disease, spread through contact with discharges from the nose and throat of an infected person
  • Saguaro National Park
    Saguaro National Park, located in Tucson, Southern Arizona, is part of the United States National Park System.
  • Scalar
    A scalar quantity is one which has magnitude but no direction.
  • Scalar Quantities
     A quantity, such as mass, length, or speed, that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction
  • Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
    Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) is defined as the oscillatory motion of a particle whose acceleration a is always directed towards a fixed point and is directly proportional to its displacement x from that fixed point but in the opposite direction to the displacement.
  • Sketch Graph
    A line graph that shows the general shape of the relationship between two variables. It will not have any points plotted and although the axes should be labelled they may not be scaled.
  • Soil Pollution
    Soil pollution is caused by the presence of  human-made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment.
  • Solid Waste
    Non-liquid, non-gaseous category of waste from non-toxic household and commercial sources.
  • Species
    The largest group of organisms where two hybrids are capable of reproducing fertile offspring, typically using sexual reproduction.
  • Speed
    The rate of change of distance with respect to time.
  • Sulfur Dioxide
    The chemical compound with the formula SO2. At standard atmosphere, it is a toxic gas with a pungent, irritating, and rotten smell
  • suvat
    These are the equations of motion for a body undergoing constant acceleration





    where..
    s = distance (metres, m)
    u = initial velocity (metres per second, ms^-1)
    v = final velocity (metres per second, ms^-1)
    a = acceleration (metres per second squared, ms^-2)
    t = time (seconds, s)
  • Symbiotic association
    A special type of interaction between species. Sometimes beneficial, sometimes harmful, these relationships are essential to many organisms and ecosystems, and they provide a balance that can only be achieved by working together
  • Synapse
     Junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.
  • Systematic Error
    These cause readings to differ from the true value by a consistent amount each time a measurement is made.
    Sources of systematic error can include the environment, methods of observation or instruments used.
    Systematic errors cannot be dealt with by simple repeats. If a systematic error is suspected, the data collection should be repeated using a different technique or a different set of equipment, and the results compared.

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